雅思寫作布局與結(jié)構(gòu)

　　一篇好的議論文，離不開精妙的構(gòu)思，構(gòu)思猶如建房子的藍(lán)圖，是文章的關(guān)鍵，其好壞很大程度上決定了文章的成敗。拿到作文題目，構(gòu)思會(huì)經(jīng)歷一個(gè)由龐雜到單純，又千頭萬緒到形成一條明確線索的過程。雅思寫作的構(gòu)思可以從縱橫兩個(gè)方面來考量?？v為謀形，形乃文章之架構(gòu);橫為謀勢(shì)，勢(shì)乃文章之觀點(diǎn)。有形無勢(shì)，起不到威懾的作用;有勢(shì)無形，顯示不出文筆的力度。所以真正的寫作，要把構(gòu)架與觀點(diǎn)結(jié)合起來，以勢(shì)而動(dòng)，那便會(huì)無往而不勝了。

　　我們將Argumentation與report類兩類作文分別講述其寫作框架。

　　Argumentation類：

　　大家應(yīng)該明確，雅思寫作從思路上十分重視我們看待一個(gè)事件，現(xiàn)象，問題或觀點(diǎn)的辯證性，即任何事件既有好處又有壞處，任何觀點(diǎn)既有支持者又有反對(duì)者，必定要從兩個(gè)方面來論述，體現(xiàn)出我們辯證思考問題的能力(critical thinking)。幾乎所有雅思寫作中的話題的特征都在于其可辨性，也就是說，大家無論什么時(shí)候都應(yīng)該朝辯證的方向努力。

　　1：基本框架：

　　本題的核心主題是什么

　　有好處，有人支持有壞處，有人反對(duì)

　　為什么

　　第一點(diǎn)， 及細(xì)節(jié)支持

　　第二點(diǎn)， 及細(xì)節(jié)支持為什么

　　第三點(diǎn)， 及細(xì)節(jié)支持

　　第四點(diǎn)， 及細(xì)節(jié)支持

　　2：總框架：

　　開頭段 引入題目中要求談?wù)摰暮诵闹黝}，可能的話進(jìn)行一定的延展-----然后可以表明自己的觀點(diǎn)(也可不表明)

　　中間一段 支持自己的分論點(diǎn)1，再進(jìn)行延展;

　　支持自己的分論點(diǎn)2，再進(jìn)行延展。

　　中間兩段 提出自己的反方觀點(diǎn)或主題的另一個(gè)方面，進(jìn)行一定的說明，然后對(duì)其進(jìn)行有效評(píng)價(jià)，反駁。

　　結(jié)尾段 重申自己的總論點(diǎn)，再加上可能的補(bǔ)充說明。

　　真題實(shí)戰(zhàn)：You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

　　Write about the following topic:

　　In some countries,young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies.

　　Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this.

　　基本框架：

　　核心主題：高中和大學(xué)間是否應(yīng)該有一年間隔

　　有好處(有人支持)有壞處(有人反對(duì))

　　第一點(diǎn)：可以鍛煉學(xué)生的獨(dú)立性。

　　第二點(diǎn)：可以開闊視野，豐富社會(huì)經(jīng)歷。

　　第三點(diǎn)：可以確定好人生目標(biāo)與方向，更好地選擇大學(xué)專業(yè)。第一點(diǎn)：學(xué)生不回來上學(xué)，不能適應(yīng)學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。

　　第二點(diǎn)：在社會(huì)上工作或旅行有可能受到不良影響。

　　總框架：

　　第一段：引入題目中要求談?wù)摰暮诵闹黝}，可能的話進(jìn)行一定的延展，表明總論點(diǎn)：支持一年間隔、好處大于壞處。(注：總論點(diǎn)可以寫在結(jié)尾段，但構(gòu)思時(shí)要確定好總論點(diǎn))

　　第二段：支持自己的分論點(diǎn)1：可以鍛煉學(xué)生的獨(dú)立性，進(jìn)行延展。

　　支持自己的分論點(diǎn)2：可以開闊眼界，豐富社會(huì)經(jīng)歷，進(jìn)行延展。

　　第三段：提出主題的另一個(gè)方面：有壞處：學(xué)生不回來上學(xué)或不能適應(yīng)學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)行一定的說明，然后對(duì)其進(jìn)行有效評(píng)價(jià)，反駁。

　　第四段：重申自己的總論點(diǎn)，再加上可能的補(bǔ)充說明。

　　It is quite common these days for young people in many countries to have a break from studying after graduating from high school.The trend is not restricted to rich students who have the money to travel,but is also evident among poorer students who choose to work and become economically independent for a period of time.

　　The reasons for this trend may involve the recognition that a young adult who passes directly from school to university is rather restricted in terms of general knowledge and experience of the world.By contrast,those who have spent some time earning a living or traveling to other places,have a broader view of life and better personal resourse to draw on.They tend to be more independent ,which is a very important factor in academic study and research,as well as giving them an advantage in terms of coping with the challenges of student life.

　　However,there are certainly dangers in taking time off at that important age.Young adults may end up never returning to their studies or finding it difficult to readapt to an academic environment.They may think that it is better to continue in a particular job,or to do something completely different from a university course.But overall,I think this is less likely today,when academic qualifications are essential for getting a reasonable career.

　　My view is that young people should be encouraged to broaden their horizons.That is the best way for them to get a clear perspective of what they are hoping to do with their lives and why.Students with such a perspective are usually the most effective and motivated ones and taking a year off may be the best way to gain this.

　　Report 類：

　　原因建議性文章。此為其基本框架

　　引言段 引入主題-----表明本文將談?wù)撛虿⑻岢鼋ㄗh

　　中間一段：提出原因1并進(jìn)行延展

　　中間二段：提出原因2并進(jìn)行延展

　　結(jié)尾段：提出建議并進(jìn)行延展

　　真題模擬：

　　It is generally acknowledged that families are now not as close as they used to be.What are the possible reasons for this and what can be done to reverse the trend?

　　Along with the speeding up of modern life,family closeness has been reduced to a historic low in the recent years.Why is it the case and what can be done to switch this tendency?In this easy,I will find out the causes for this issue and explore some possible solutions.(In the following essay,I aim to identify the sources of this problem as well as some viable solutions to it.)

　　The reasons for this may involve three major aspects.First of all,working parents spend the vast majority of their time in their offices or even work overtime at home,since they want to ensure an advantageous position in the fierce competition.Consequently,they have little time for communication with other family members,which possibly results in the increasing alienation in the family.A similar case happens to children,who are often sent to boarding school and back home once a week,even once a month.

　　Even if some other young children stay at home with their parents,most of them would be induced to watch TV or play some exciting computer games or chat with faraway friends online instead of sitting around a table to start an intimate talk with other family members.So the overuse of modern technological devices is also contributing to the increasing family indifference these days.

　　To solve this problem,I think,the crucial point is to ensure sufficient time spent together and enhance the communication between different family members.Parents should spare more time from their work,which can be devoted to a short journey if it is longed for,or an exhibition or some other activities that can be enjoyed together.Moreover,some traditional values about family closeness should be imparted to the younger generation whether at home or school in their early age,when it is easier to shape a correct attitude towards family.Overall,great efforts from both parents and schools should be highly desirable to reverse the trend.

　　最后總結(jié)一下Report類文章手段的經(jīng)典模板：

　　In this age of change,the human society is progressing rapidly on various fields.Yet,in the mean time,many problems have arisen,a serious one of which is-----------.There is no denying that the issue has drawn increasing public attention.In this essay,I will explore some possible causes of this phenomenon and then propose some solutions.