雅思真題閱讀部分解題精講

　　各位考生一定要在做雅思閱讀題目之前好好了解一下該部分的題型和評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，看文章之前先快速瀏覽一下文章后面的題型和題目，讀文章的時(shí)候做到有針對(duì)性有目的的閱讀，提高閱讀效率。有必要的時(shí)候要在文章里做一些標(biāo)記，要注意文中出現(xiàn)的數(shù)據(jù)，比如年月日、具體時(shí)間、百分比等，還要注意一些醒目的信息詞，比如一些術(shù)語(yǔ)和生僻詞匯的定義。接下來(lái)，做完題對(duì)完答案后回到文章中，通過(guò)查單詞盡量擴(kuò)大自己的單詞量，所有不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞都是新單詞，仔細(xì)看看該詞的固定搭配、句型結(jié)構(gòu)和例句，加深記憶。

　　我們今天以一篇閱讀真題為例，仔細(xì)探討一下解題過(guò)程和方法。

　　MAKING TIME FOR SCIENCE

　　Chronobiology might sound a little futuristic – like something from a science fiction novel, perhaps – but it’s actually a field of study that concerns one of the oldest processes life on this planet has ever known: short-term rhythms of time and their effect on flora and fauna.

　　This can take many forms. Marine life, for example, is influenced by tidal patterns. Animals tend to be active or inactive depending on the position of the sun or moon. Numerous creatures, humans included, are largely diurnal – that is, they like to come out during the hours of sunlight. Nocturnal animals, such as bats and possums, prefer to forage by night. A third group are known as crepuscular: they thrive in the low light

　　of dawn and dusk and remain inactive at other hours.

　　When it comes to humans, chronobiologists are interested in what is known as the circadian rhythm. This is the complete cycle our bodies are naturally geared to undergo within the passage of a twenty-four hour day. Aside from sleeping at night and waking during the day, each cycle involves many other factors such as changes in blood pressure and body temperature. Not everyone has an identical circadian rhythm. ‘Night people’, for example, often describe how they find it very hard to operate during the morning, but become alert and focused by evening. This is a benign variation within circadian rhythms known as a chronotype.

　　Scientists have limited abilities to create durable modifications of chronobiological demands. Recent therapeutic developments for humans such as artificial light machines and melatonin administration can reset our circadian rhythms, for example, but our bodies can tell the difference and health suffers when we breach these natural rhythms for extended periods of time. Plants appear no more malleable in this respect; studies demonstrate that vegetables grown in season and ripened on the tree are far higher in essential nutrients than those grown in greenhouses and ripened by laser.

　　Questions 1–7

　　Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?

　　In boxes 1–7 on your answer sheet, write

　　TRUE if the statement agrees with the information

　　FALSE if the statement contradicts the information

　　NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

　　1 Chronobiology is the study of how living things have evolved over time.

　　2 The rise and fall of sea levels affects how sea creatures behave.

　　3 Most animals are active during the daytime.

　　4 Circadian rhythms identify how we do different things on different days.

　　5 A ‘night person’ can still have a healthy circadian rhythm.

　　6 New therapies can permanently change circadian rhythms without causing harm.

　　7 Naturally-produced vegetables have more nutritional value.

　　1. 第一題考察的是考生對(duì)一個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)Chronobiology的定義的理解，我們?cè)诘谝欢沃心軌蚩吹较鄬?duì)應(yīng)的提示：it is a field of study that...，那么答案一定就在這里a field of study that concerns one of the oldest processes life on this planet has ever known: short-term rhythms of time and their effect on flora and fauna. 也就是短期的時(shí)間節(jié)律及其對(duì)動(dòng)植物的影響，而第一題是在說(shuō)生物鐘是對(duì)生物是如何進(jìn)化的研究，明顯是不對(duì)的，所以答案是FALSE。此外，我們可以靠構(gòu)詞法判斷出chrono- 是與時(shí)間有關(guān)的前綴，而biology是生物，不難猜出單詞的意思。又或者，有的考生單詞量很大，本來(lái)就認(rèn)識(shí)這個(gè)詞。

　　2. 潮漲潮落能夠影響海洋生物的行為，答案在第二段的第二句。Marine life, for example, is influenced by tidal patterns. Marine life就是sea creatures，affect與influence同義，the rise and fall of sea levels就是指tidal patterns。Tidal 的名詞是tide，指的是潮汐，所以第二題是TRUE。

　　3. 大多數(shù)動(dòng)物在白天都是活躍的。這個(gè)說(shuō)法文中并沒(méi)有，作者只是說(shuō)Numerous creatures, humans included, are largely diurnal. 也就是說(shuō)數(shù)不清的生物都是白天活躍的。在第二段中，我們可以看出diurnal的定義是they like to come out during the hours of sunlight;Nocturnal animals：prefer to forage by night. 答案是NOT GIVEN.

　　4. Circadian rhythms的定義在第三段的第二句This is the complete cycle our bodies are naturally geared to undergo within the passage of a twenty-four hour day. 即晝夜節(jié)律。而題目中說(shuō)晝夜節(jié)律是指我們?nèi)绾卧诓煌臅r(shí)間做不同的事情，所以答案是FALSE。

　　5. 一個(gè)夜間清醒的人依然有著健康的生物鐘(晝夜節(jié)律)，這句是對(duì)的。答案在第三段的最后，This is a benign variation(溫和的或良性的變體) within circadian rhythms known as a chronotype. Benign variation within circadian rhythms就是healthy circadian rhythm。所以答案是TRUE。

　　6. New therapies can permanently change circadian rhythms without causing harm.題目中permanently change是永久性的改變，而第四段中有一句：but our bodies can tell the difference and health suffers when we breach these natural rhythms for extended periods of time. 我們的身體會(huì)有不適，并且當(dāng)我們違背了自然規(guī)律時(shí)身體健康會(huì)遭受損害，without causing harm是違背原文意思的，所以答案是FALSE。

　　7. 7. 自然生長(zhǎng)的蔬菜具有更高的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值，第四段最后一句就是答案：studies demonstrate that vegetables grown in season and ripened on the tree are far higher in essential nutrients than those grown in greenhouses and ripened by laser. 生長(zhǎng)在溫室中并且被激光催熟的蔬菜的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值不如自然生長(zhǎng)的、當(dāng)季的蔬菜高。所以答案是TRUE。