GMAT閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)整理：生物現(xiàn)象的類比.

　　4月5日GMAT換庫后，小編為大家收集整理4月份的GMAT閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)，這篇是關(guān)于生物現(xiàn)象的類比的文章，分享給大家，希望對大家有所幫助，僅供參考。

　　一、本月原始

　　V1 東京鐵路網(wǎng)絡(luò)

　　V2 東京鐵路~ ~好像分三段還是兩段吧...第一段說的是利用生物的什么特性可以發(fā)展network?? 然后第二段就說一個(gè)人建議建鐵路的時(shí)候不要只是在有站臺(tái)的地方建，要建的越多越好，重復(fù)也不用怕...第三段...忘了~~也是說鐵路什么的，題目不難

　　V3生物科學(xué)從鯊魚皮那制造出高科技泳衣的idea給了一組reseacher新的啟發(fā)，然后他們打算開展一個(gè)新的experiment好像叫smile mode, 這個(gè)experiment在東京附近進(jìn)行，出現(xiàn)了一系列現(xiàn)象，令resercher得到啟發(fā)，覺得這同樣適用于人類。

　　V4開始先說是生物的結(jié)構(gòu)可以給人很多啟示，舉例：鯊魚皮帶來了游泳衣的改革等等……

　　第二段：科學(xué)家研究了一種PP的生物(細(xì)菌貌似是)，發(fā)現(xiàn)這種生物在樹與樹之間通過建立一種PP(也是PP，具體不一樣)的通道運(yùn)輸營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)，這種PP網(wǎng)絡(luò)是沒有控制中心的，但是效率非常好啦。然后科學(xué)家效仿這種網(wǎng)絡(luò)模擬了一座城市(東京?)的運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)，發(fā)現(xiàn)跟東京的運(yùn)輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)驚人相似啊。

　　第三段：貌似是一些廢話，就說這種PP網(wǎng)絡(luò)可以解決一些移動(dòng)信號(hào)的問題。(有考題)

　　by uanghaoxin

　　二、文章類型與結(jié)構(gòu)

　　P1生物現(xiàn)象的多種應(yīng)用

　　u 舉例：鯊魚皮泳衣

　　u 受啟發(fā)：研究pp

　　P2對pp的研究

　　u pp：為覓食建立network

　　u 發(fā)現(xiàn)：pp有最優(yōu)路線和備用路線

　　P3模仿應(yīng)用：東經(jīng)鐵路也應(yīng)“有備無患”

　　三、段落大意—感謝考完試的多位狗主，補(bǔ)充回憶!!!

　　P1 目前biologically inspired design已經(jīng)廣泛應(yīng)用在生活中。例如mimicking shark skin 就制造了swimsuit，引領(lǐng)了游泳衣的改革。于是某個(gè)researcher受到啟發(fā)，決定研究某個(gè)P...P...(拉丁文長名字)某種生物。

　　P2 研究發(fā)現(xiàn)P.P.為了更方便的外出覓食，會(huì)在家和找到食物的地點(diǎn)之間建立connection network。于是模擬此行為，把某種食物(生詞，會(huì)加同位語介紹，說明是PP喜歡的食物)放在類似于東京以外地區(qū)的位置，而pp的家模擬在東京，看pp是如何建立network。實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，pp不僅會(huì)根據(jù)ficiency原則，建立一條最近的路，還會(huì)建立有些繞遠(yuǎn)的路resilient 為了以防萬一breakage的出現(xiàn)。。pp的行為體現(xiàn)了costs，ficiency，和resilience原則。(有題)

　　第三段 因此建造東京railway 的時(shí)候，也應(yīng)該建立一些多余的(redundant)鐵路，以防止突發(fā)情況(breakaway)。最后一句話提到了最好不要 human intervention.

　　四、題目

　　1、可connection哪一道m(xù)ust be true?(本月試題)

　　選項(xiàng)有：backup路線在有accidental情況下

　　2、作者對于東京鐵路修建的看法是?(本月試題)

　　V1 我選擇了大概是不要human intervention的近義詞(本月v37狗主)

　　3、主旨題(本月試題)

　　4、一個(gè)問作者寫這個(gè)是為什么(本月試題)

　　5、是第一段的作用是什么，(本月試題)

　　V1選了有“idea”這個(gè)詞的那個(gè)答案。

　　【狗主心理過程：有兩個(gè)很糾結(jié)的答案,都是present一個(gè)新的什么，然后從這個(gè)新的什么里發(fā)展得出什么。，最后選了有“idea”這個(gè)詞的那個(gè)答案】

　　6、問這些PP網(wǎng)絡(luò)相當(dāng)于城市之間的什么?(本月試題)

　　V1選了track(火車道)(本月v35狗主)

　　7、問下面哪個(gè)問題可以運(yùn)用PP網(wǎng)絡(luò)加以解決? (本月試題)

　　五、參考背景—雖然長了點(diǎn)，但確認(rèn)為原文!!!快來看啊。

　　Science and Technology: A life of slime; Railways and slime moulds

　　Abstract: From adhesives that mimic the feet of geckos to swimsuits modelled on shark skin, biologically inspired design has taken off in recent times. Copying nature&aposs ideas allows people to harness the power of evolution to come up with clever products. Now a group of researchers has taken this idea a step further by using an entire living organism--a slime mould--to solve a complex problem. In this case, the challenge was to design an ficient rail network for the city of Tokyo and its outlying towns. Slime moulds are unusual critters--neither animal, nor plant nor fungus. If they resemble anything, it is a colonial amoeba. When P. polycephalum is foraging, it puts out protrusions of protoplasm, creates nodes and branches, and grows in the form of an interconnected network of tubes. As it explores the forest floor, it must constantly trade off the cost, ficiency and resilience of its expanding network. Since the purpose of this activity is to link food sources together and to transport nutrients around the creature, Atsushi Tero at Hokkaido University in Japan and his colleagues wondered if slime-mould transport networks bore any resemblance to human ones.

　　Full text: Network-engineering problems can be solved by surprisingly simple creatures FROM adhesives that mimic the feet of geckos to swimsuits modelled on shark skin, biologically inspired design has taken off in recent times. Copying nature&aposs ideas allows people to harness the power of evolution to come up with clever products. Now a group of researchers has taken this idea a step further by using an entire living organism--a slime mould--to solve a complex problem. In this case, the challenge was to design an ficient rail network for the city of Tokyo and its outlying towns. Slime moulds are unusual critters--neither animal, nor plant nor fungus. If they resemble anything, it is a colonial amoeba. Physarumpolycephalum, the species in question, consists of a membrane-bound bag of protoplasm and, unusually, multiple nuclei. It can be found migrating across the floor of dark, damp, northern-temperate woodlands in search of food such as bacteria. It can grow into networks with a diameter of 25cm. When P. polycephalum is foraging, it puts out protrusions of protoplasm, creates nodes and branches, and grows in the form of an interconnected network of tubes. As it explores the forest floor, it must constantly trade off the cost, ficiency and resilience of its expanding network. Since the purpose of this activity is to link food sources together and to transport nutrients around the creature, Atsushi Tero at Hokkaido University in Japan and his colleagues wondered if slime-mould transport networks bore any resemblance to human ones. As they report in Science, they built a template with 36 oat flakes (a favoured food source) placed to represent the locations of cities in the region around Tokyo. They put P. polycephalum on Tokyo itself, and watched it go. They found that many of the links the slime mould made bore a striking resemblance to Tokyo&aposs existing rail network. For P. polycephalum had not simply created the shortest possible network that could connect all the cities, but had also included redundant connections that allow the creature (and the real rail network) to have resilience to the accidental breakage of any part of it. P. polycephalum&aposs network, in other words, had similar costs, ficiencies and resiliencies to the human version. How the creature does this is unknown, but Mark Fricker of Oxford University, who is one of Dr Tero&aposs colleagues, speculates that the forces generated by protoplasm pulsating back-and-forth through the multinuclear cell are interpreted and used to determine which routes to reinforce, and which connections to trim. Tokyo&aposs is not the first transport network to be modelled in this way. A study published in December by Andrew Adamatzky and Jf Jones of the University of the West of England used oat flakes to represent Britain&aposs principal cities. Slime moulds modelled the motorway network of the island quite accurately, with the exception of the M6/M74 into Scotland (the creatures chose to go through Newcastle rather than past Carlisle). Of course, neither Dr Tero nor Dr Adamatzky is suggesting that rail and road networks should be designed by slime moulds. What they are proposing is that good and complex solutions can emerge from simple rules, and that this principle might be applied elsewhere. The next thing is to discover and use these rules to enable other networks to self-organise in an "intelligent" fashion without human intervention--for example, to link up a swarm of robots exploring a dangerous environment, so that they can talk to each other and relay information back to base. The denizens of Carlisle, meanwhile, may wonder what objection slime moulds have towards their fine city.

　　以上就是關(guān)于生物現(xiàn)象的類比的GMAT閱讀機(jī)經(jīng)的全部內(nèi)容，考生朋友可以有選擇的看看，最后需要提醒各位的是，機(jī)經(jīng)雖然會(huì)對我們解題有所幫助，但是在考場中即使題目很像也要避免秒選，最后祝大家都能考出好成績。