GMAT語法平行并列題型四個點.

　　隨著GMAT改革的深入越來越多的學(xué)員感到迷茫和困惑到底GMAT路在何方，到底最新的機(jī)考題目難度如何.基于這樣一個前提，我把GMATpre和OG真題按著題型進(jìn)行逐題分析，找到最佳的考試考點。

　　GMAT語法的重點題型之一平行并列：

　　平行并列：見到平行看結(jié)構(gòu)，形式功能要對稱.就GMAT而言，平行并列是考試中的重點也是難點，英語稱其為parallel structure: this is a little bit like making sure that the two sides of a mathematical equation are balance.就解題而言要求做到四個點。

　　形式對稱

　　概念對等

　　功能相同

　　含義單一

　　一)形式對稱：

　　指平行并列連接詞前后的詞形式上完全對稱

　　下面以GMATpre test 1為例：

　　例1：The airline company, following through on recent warnings that it might start reducing service, announced that it was eliminating jet service to nine cities, closing some unneeded operations, and it grounded twenty-two planes.

　　(A) closing some unneeded operations, and it grounded

　　(B) closing some unneeded operations, and grounding

　　(C) was closing some unneeded operations, while it grounded

　　(D) it closed some unneeded operations and grounded

　　(E) it was closing some unneeded operations, and grounding

　　譯文：航空公司遵照最近的警告它可能會開始減少服務(wù)而宣布它將會減少噴氣機(jī)服務(wù)到九個城市,關(guān)閉不需要的操作和停飛22架飛機(jī)。

　　分析：平行并列結(jié)構(gòu),形式要對稱.所以本題答案是B eliminating, closing and grounding 本題重點考查平行并列結(jié)構(gòu).都是航空公司做的三個動作。

　　例2 The list of animals that exhibits a prerence of either using the right or the lt hand (i.e., claw, paw, or foot) has been expanded to include the lower vertebrates.

　　(A) exhibits a prerence of either using the right or the lt hand (i.e., claw, paw, or foot) has been expanded to include

　　(B) exhibits the prerence to use either the right or the lt hand (i.e., claw, paw, or foot) has been expanded and includes

　　(C) exhibit a prerence in either using the right or the lt hand (i.e., claw, paw, or foot) has been expanded to include

　　(D) exhibit a prerence for using either the right or the lt hand (i.e., claw, paw, or foot) has been expanded to include

　　(E) exhibit the prerence as to either using the right or the lt hand (i.e., claw, paw, or foot) has been expanded and includes

　　譯文：動物展示出用左手或右手等的列表已經(jīng)進(jìn)一步的擴(kuò)大到了更為低等的脊椎動物

　　分析：定語從句的主謂一致取決于所修飾對象.前面出現(xiàn)的是animals 所以應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù).答案只能在CDE中產(chǎn)生.either or 要求形式是要對稱. 而C和E選項中出現(xiàn)了either using or the lt表達(dá)錯。

　　由此可見GMAT在考查平行并列過程中要求前后嚴(yán)格對稱。

　　二)概念對等：

　　平行并列過程中,要求概念要對等,就名詞而言,特指對特指,抽象對抽象,具體對具體.它們從來不相互對應(yīng)進(jìn)行并列。

　　New theories propose that catastrophic impacts of asteroids and comets may have caused reversals in the Earth’s magnetic field, the onset of ice ages, splitting apart continents 80 million years ago, and great volcanic eruptions.

　　A splitting apart continents

　　B the splitting apart of continents

　　C split apart continents

　　D continents split apart’

　　E continents that were split apart

　　譯文：新的理論提出小行星和慧星災(zāi)難性的影響可能引地磁場的顛倒，冰川時代的到來，8千萬年前大陸的分裂以及火山的噴發(fā)。

　　分析：本題平行并列部分是. Reversals , the onset, …. And eruption顯然是由動詞的抽象名詞詞形的并列。所以動詞的抽象名詞表結(jié)果，只能和抽象名詞并列，而doing強(qiáng)調(diào)動做,就splitting apart而言，無名詞，所以只能用the splitting apart表達(dá)此意。

　　本題選的是B

　　三)功能相同

　　有些特殊題目無法做到形式對稱也只能退一步保證功能相同如：

　　scientists have recently discovered what could be the largest and oldest living organism on Earth. A giant fungus that is an interwoven filigree of mushrooms and root like tentacles spawned by a single fertilized spore some 10000 years ago and extending for more than 30 acres in the soil of a Michigan forest.

　　A extending

　　B extends

　　C extended

　　D it extended

　　E is extending

　　譯文：科學(xué)家最近發(fā)現(xiàn)地球上最大的真菌是在Michigan森林中一種被單獨受精的孢子所產(chǎn)生的交織混合的蘑菇金銀絲和和根狀腺毛并且主動向周邊土壤延伸30畝。

　　分析：本題中出現(xiàn)了and本來要求前后形式對稱。但基于客觀事實,產(chǎn)生是被動的而周邊延伸卻是主動做出的，所以本題選的是extending.雖然形式上不對稱.但功能上卻是相同的.因為都是分詞。

　　四)含義單一

　　重點考查兩個題型：

　　1. 從句并列使用相同連詞且都補(bǔ)出

　　例:It is well known in supermarket industry that how items are placed on shelves and the frequency of inventory turnovers can be crucial to profits.

　　A the frequency of inventory turnovers can be

　　B the frequency of inventory turnovers is often

　　C the frequency with which the inventory turns over is often

　　D how frequently is the inventory turned over are often

　　E how frequently the inventory turns over can be

　　譯文： 在超級市場產(chǎn)業(yè)中,貨品如何擺放以及存貨周期是多少是盈利的關(guān)鍵。分析：and 連接兩個平行并列部分，要求形式完全對稱,所以答案選擇為DE中一個，情態(tài)動詞不能隨意省略添加和改變則答案只有一個是E。因為can表示可能性,如果省略含義發(fā)生改變。

　　2. 介詞短語并列過程中介詞習(xí)慣補(bǔ)出原則

　　例:In the fall of 1985, only 10 percent of the women entering college planned to major in education, while 28 percent chose business, making it the most popular major for women as well as for men

　　A as well as for men

　　B as well as the men

　　C and men too

　　D and men as well

　　E and also men

　　譯文：在1985年秋天，只有不到10%的女生進(jìn)入大學(xué)計劃以教育為主修專業(yè)，而28%的人選擇進(jìn)入商業(yè)，使得商業(yè)成為對于男生和女生最流行選擇的學(xué)科。

　　分析： as well as 前后形式對稱，并列過程中如不補(bǔ)出for這個介詞,則容易產(chǎn)生歧義。使人錯誤的人認(rèn)為與 the most popular major 并列，加出for則是對于男生和對女生在并列，不會產(chǎn)生多重含義。