GMAT句子改錯(cuò)的尺度如何拿捏.

　　句子改錯(cuò)題(Sentence Correction)主要測(cè)試考生應(yīng)用語(yǔ)言，特別是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)書面英語(yǔ)的能力。它不僅要求一句話在語(yǔ)法和句法上完全正確，而且要求這個(gè)句子簡(jiǎn)明扼要，而非含混不清，即邏輯表達(dá)的簡(jiǎn)潔性、邏輯意思的合理性和單一性的統(tǒng)一。GMAT句子改錯(cuò)題干中所給的句子一般都比較復(fù)雜，較多使用從句。我們選擇答案的原則是要使得句子盡量完整、明確、有效，而且要簡(jiǎn)潔，其中簡(jiǎn)潔這一原則很容易造成我們?cè)谧鲱}時(shí)選擇那些省略從句連接詞的選項(xiàng)，但是GMAT在從句這方面是十分嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)模赃€是要選擇能夠把意思表達(dá)完整、帶有連接詞的選項(xiàng)，有些考生誤把這當(dāng)成解題的一個(gè)制勝法寶，見到這樣的句子就帶上連接詞一定就不會(huì)錯(cuò)了嗎?No!有些句子在加入連接詞后雖然句意變得非常完整，但改寫后的句子很拗口、重復(fù)，這顯然違背了簡(jiǎn)潔的原則，所以我們的思維就不能只限制在這一個(gè)單一句型上了，用其他方式來(lái)改寫從句，使之后變得簡(jiǎn)潔而又不失完整性不是更好嗎?一起來(lái)看看以下幾個(gè)例子吧：

　　Sartre believed each individual is responsible to choose one course of action over another one, that it is the choice that gives value to the act, and that nothing that is not acted upon has value.

　　(A) Each individual is responsible to choose one course of action over another one

　　(B) That each individual is responsible for choosing one course of action over another

　　(C) That each individual is responsible, choosing one course of action over another

　　(D) That each individual is responsible to choose one course of action over another

　　(E) Each individual is responsible for choosing one course of action over other ones

　　本題的劃線部分是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，看到這大家會(huì)首先想到GMAT的死原則：賓語(yǔ)從句中的連接詞that 不能省略，而且縱觀幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)都是采用了賓語(yǔ)從句的表達(dá)方法，所以我們就可以放心大膽地排除掉A和E答案，然后再?gòu)钠渌矫孢M(jìn)行比較分析。下面這個(gè)例子是說(shuō)明滿足簡(jiǎn)潔原則的情況：

　　Gall’s hypothesis of there being different mental functions localized in different parts of the brain is widely accepted today.

　　(A) Of there being different mental functions localized in different parts of the brain is widely accepted today

　　(B) Of different mental functions that are localized in different parts of the brain is widely accepted today

　　(C) That different mental functions are localized in different parts of the brain is widely accepted today

　　(D) Which are that there are different mental functions localized in different parts of the brain is widely accepted today

　　(E) Which is widely accepted today is that there are different mental functions localized in different parts of the brain

　　D答案中的which is that 表達(dá)不簡(jiǎn)潔，必須省略which is，直接用that 引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，而且省略掉which is 的句子依然完整明確。以上兩個(gè)例子都是比較明顯的究竟是滿足完整還是簡(jiǎn)潔的情形，迷惑性不大，下面這個(gè)例子就相對(duì)復(fù)雜一些：

　　A controversial figure throughout most of his public life， the Black leader Marcus Garvey advocated that some Blacks return to Africa， the land that， to him， symbolized the possibility of freedom。

　　(A)that some Blacks return to Africa， the land that，to him， symbolized the possibility of freedom

　　(B)that some Blacks return to the African land symbolizing the possibility of freedom to him

　　(C)that some Blacks return to Africa which was the land which symbolized the possibility of freedom to him

　　(D)some Black&aposs returning to Africa which was the land that to him symbolized the possibility of freedom

　　(E)some Black&aposs return to the land symbolizing the possibility of freedom to him，Africa

　　本題的正確答案為A，即采用了題干中所給的用法。許多考生很容易選擇D，理由是根據(jù)GMAT語(yǔ)法的一般要求，不省略從句連接詞從而保證句子的完整性D答案從語(yǔ)法上看沒什么錯(cuò)誤，但是這種表達(dá)方式連用了兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，顯得重復(fù)羅嗦，很不簡(jiǎn)潔，讀起來(lái)也不順暢。A選項(xiàng)是采用同位結(jié)構(gòu)的方式，看起來(lái)更簡(jiǎn)潔一些。

　　GMAT語(yǔ)法要求我們不省略從句連接詞，從而使得句意完整明確，但羅嗦繁雜的句子又是非常忌諱的，同時(shí)也不符合英語(yǔ)的習(xí)慣表達(dá)。所以在句子完整明確的基礎(chǔ)上，我們不能忽略語(yǔ)言表達(dá)習(xí)慣以及句子的簡(jiǎn)潔性，簡(jiǎn)潔不是隨意進(jìn)行省略，它必須建立在符合GMAT要求邏輯關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)之上。要力求使自己的思維不受從句的束縛，如果有比從句簡(jiǎn)潔的表達(dá)方式，當(dāng)然會(huì)成為我們的首選。