GRE閱讀長(zhǎng)難句的典型結(jié)構(gòu).

　　1、長(zhǎng)成分

　　1)長(zhǎng)從句做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)及其他成分

　　a、主語(yǔ)從句 b、賓語(yǔ)從句

　　2)長(zhǎng)狀語(yǔ)

　　3)層層修飾

　　4)并列成分

　　2、常見倒裝搭配

　　(1)及物動(dòng)詞加介詞：固定詞組的固定搭配中，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)倒裝情況，如：bring A to B，寫作：bring to B A

　　例：Yet Waltzer’s argument , however dicient , does point to one ofthe most serious weaknesses of capitalism-namely , that it brings topredominant positions in a society people who ,no matter howlegitimately they have earned their material rewards , often lack thoseother qualities that evoke affection or admiration.

　　類似的情況：throw over , insert into , import into , infer from, establish for, advocate as 等

　　(2)及物動(dòng)詞加副詞

　　例：make possible …(單詞或者句子)

　　3、省略的幾種情況

　　(1)重復(fù)的成分

　　(2)讓步轉(zhuǎn)折的省略：如although (but)

　　(3)定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞的省略which(that )

　　(4)定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞和系動(dòng)詞同時(shí)省略，變成后置定語(yǔ)

　　如：qualities(such as “the capacity for hard work”) essential in producing wealth

　　4、 短語(yǔ)被分割

　　如：such as, so that , too to , more than , from A to B , between A and B

　　5、多重否定

　　如：Despite these vague categories , one should not claimunequivocally that hostility between recognizable classes cannot belegitimately observed .

　　6、難句分析舉例

　　Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatlyincreased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class , anelement in national life representing irresponsible wealth detachedfrom the land and the duties of the landowners; and almost equallydetached from the responsible management of business.

　　[句子主干]Such large,impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased…shareholders as a class, (which was) an element…

　　[語(yǔ)法難點(diǎn)]本句是典型的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，難點(diǎn)在其主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)都有較長(zhǎng)的短語(yǔ)和of結(jié)構(gòu)限定，并且分句是由兩個(gè)and相連的3個(gè)部分組成的。分句an element…landowners 又帶有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，一個(gè)是(which was)representing…，另一個(gè)是(which was)detached…可見，定語(yǔ)從句的難點(diǎn)在于經(jīng)常省略“引導(dǎo)詞+be”的結(jié)構(gòu)，從而在理解上容易和分詞結(jié)構(gòu)相混淆。

　　[句子翻譯] 對(duì)資本和企業(yè)的這種大規(guī)模的非個(gè)人操縱大大增加了股東作為一個(gè)階級(jí)的數(shù)量和重要性。這個(gè)階層作為國(guó)計(jì)民生的一部分，代表了非個(gè)人責(zé)任的財(cái)富與土地及土地所有者應(yīng)盡義務(wù)的分離，而且也幾乎與責(zé)任管理相分離。