GMAT語法使用代詞需要注意.

GMAT考試語法部分的復(fù)習(xí)是非常重要的，考生們準(zhǔn)備GMAT語法的時候要注意一些細(xì)節(jié)。比如常會出現(xiàn)錯誤的代詞部分，代詞的使用需要謹(jǐn)慎小心。澳際小編下面就具體地告訴大家語法代詞如何使用，希望GMAT入門的考生能關(guān)注：

　　代詞必須和前面的指代內(nèi)容保持單復(fù)數(shù)，性別上的一致 指代對象是單數(shù)，單詞是單數(shù); 指代對象是復(fù)數(shù)，代詞也是復(fù)數(shù)。

　　The Glass House Mountains in Queensland, Australia, were sighted in 1770 by the English navigator Captain James Cook, bv whom they were named supposedlybecause its sheer wet rocks glistened like glass.

　?、?who so named them supposedly because their

　　② who so named it since supposedly their

　　答案是A 一個什么樣的山(mountain),別人用他命名。。。。這里的it,或者them指代前面的mountains。所以要要復(fù)數(shù)them，而不能b中單數(shù)謂語it

　　GMAT語法錯誤2) 指代的邏輯語義

　?、?指代內(nèi)容必須存在，且以名詞的形式出現(xiàn)

　　The park rangers discussed measures to prevent severe wildfires, which would be devastating to it.

　　這里的park充當(dāng)?shù)氖切稳菰~;所以不能做IT的先行詞;應(yīng)把句子改成The rangers discussed measures to prevent severe wildfires, which would be devastating to the park.

　　The energy source on Voyager 2 is not a nuclear reactor, in which atoms are actively broken apart;rather a kind of nuclear battery that uses natural radioactive decay to produce power.

　　(A) apart, but rather

　　(B) apart; it is that of

　　A 正確;B的話， that of沒有指代對象

　?、?代詞不能指代出現(xiàn)在前面介詞短語中的名詞

　　Laos has a land area about the same as Great Britainbut only four million in population, where many are members of hill tribes ensconced in the virtually inaccessible mountain valleys of the north.

　?、跥MAY語法 同一句話中相同的代詞必須指代相同的事物

　　As a baby emerges from the darkness of the wombwith a rudimentary sense of vision, it would be ratedabout 20/500, orlegally blind if it were an adult withsuch vision.

　　a. A baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision that would be rated about 20/500; an adult with such vision would be deemed legally blind

　　b. As a baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision, it would be rated about 20/500, or legally blind if it were an adult with such vision.

　　A 正確; B的話，兩個it并沒有一個明確的指代，而且先行詞有兩個;所以會造成語義指代歧義的可能

　?、?因?yàn)镚MAT考試比較結(jié)構(gòu)比較對象的一致性，有時用that of 指代前文出現(xiàn)的對象

　　Laos has a land area about the same as Great Britainbut only four million in population, where many are members of hill tribes ensconced in the virtually inaccessible mountain valleys of the north.

　　a. about the same as Great Britain but only four million in population, where many

　　b. comparable to that of Great Britain but a population of only four million people, many of whom

　　B中that of正確;土地和土地比; A中土地和國家比

　　that或those表明新copy的時候一定前后完全一致(包括單復(fù)數(shù))，否則需要重復(fù)先行詞。

　　EG：Her company is outperforming those of her competitors.錯，those與company不一致，應(yīng)將those替換為companies.

　　GMAT語法錯誤3)指代清晰性：

　?、佟∶恳粋€代詞都只能有一個清晰的先行詞

　　每一個代詞必須清楚指帶唯一的一個指代對象

　　Researchers claim to have developed new Nano papers incorporating tiny cellulose fibers, which they allege give them the strength of cast iron.

　　從邏輯語意上說：they指代 Researchers ; them 指代 Nano Papers

　　但是從實(shí)際語法上來說 they和them可以同時指代Researchers或者Papers

　　Researchers claim to have developed new nano papers incorporating tiny cellulose fibers, which allegedly give these materials the strength of cast iron.

　　②　按照邏輯意思指代

　　For the first time in the modern era, non-Hispanic Whites are officially a minority in California, which amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from nearly there-quarters only a decade ago.

　　A. which amounts to a little less than half the population of the state, down from nearly three-quarters only a decade ago

　　B. amounting to a little less than half the population of the state, down from nearly three-quarters a decade ago

　　B 正確;A的話就近指代California; 但是amounting這里指的是non-Hispanic white

　?、?代詞一般指代離其最近的名詞，但不能過于近了

　　EG: In the station house，it is considered taboo it不能指代station house

　　GMAT語法錯誤4) 指代簡潔性

　?、?指代是否有必要 代詞出現(xiàn)的平行位置(主謂賓)相同，可視為相同指代、

　　Unlike human runners, who broke the four-minute mile in 1954 and they consistently recorded faster times ever since, horses in classic races such as the Kentucky Derby have had winning times with little improvement: Secretariat’s world-record-breaking Derby tine of 1:59 2/5, for example, was set in 1973 and remained unsurpassed more than a quarter of a century later.

　　a. they consistently recorded faster times ever since, horses in classic races such as the Kentucky Derby have had winning times with little improvement

　　b. have consistently recorded faster times ever since, in those of classic races such as the Kentucky Derby, horses have had winning times with little improvement

　　B 正確;其中A中的they和前面得who對應(yīng) 語義重復(fù);

　?、?which和that只能指代物;who和whom可以指代

　?、?it 作為形式主語必須明確的指不定式短語或that從句，且必須簡潔不能冗余

　　That educators have not anticipated the impact ofmicrocomputer technology can hardly be said that itis their fault: Ah/in Toffler, one of the most prominent students of the future, did not even mention microcomputers in Future Shock, published in 1970.

　　a. It can hardly be said that it is the fault of educators who have not anticipated the impact of microcomputer technology

　　b. It can hardly be said that educators are at fault for not anticipating the impact of microcomputer technology

　　B正確; A的話，it is 沒有指代;而且相比較B，A更加啰嗦

　　GMAT語法錯誤5)指代問題

　?、?THERE 副詞 in that place 前面指代必須是介詞短語

　　there如果做代詞代指某個地方時，前面一定要提到這個地方

　　EG At current prices, oil in Antarctica may be worth drilling for, if wells can be dug there and environmental concerns addressed.

　　THERE指代In Antarctica

　?、?Itself, themselves, one another, each other,

　　一般表強(qiáng)調(diào)其指代的名詞;

　　After the agreement surfaced, the commission dissolved it

　　After the agreement surfaced, the commission dissolved itself.

　　相互代詞 one another 和 each other用來去暗示之間的相互作用;不能和themselves替換

　　(W) The guests at the party interacted with themselves.

　　(R) The guests at the party interacted with one another.

　?、?Such and Other/Another

　　以上三個代詞一般在后面跟一個概括性的名詞指代前面的名詞。

　　After the land-use agreement surfaced, the commission decided to subject any such contracts to debate in the future

　　④ one：指代具有非定義性，且只能指代單數(shù)

　　指不確定的一個，或者就一個

　　After walking by the chocolates so many times, Roger finally had to eat one. 巧克力中一個

　　After walking by the chocolates so many times, Roger finally had to eat them. 前面的巧克力

　?、?do so和 do it

　　Do so :可以指代整個的動作，包含謂語動詞，賓語和修飾語

　　Q did not eat dinner quickly, but her brotherdoes so.指代eat dinner quickly(so可省略)

　　Do it : it 必須指代一個確切的名詞

　　Q failed to do the homework, but his brother did it.指代前面的homework.

　　Quinn did not eat the soup, but her brother ate it.

　?、?It

　　不定式做主語，通常用it作形式主語

　　It is futile to resist temptation.? TO RESIST temptation is futile.

　　that從句做主語，通常用it作形式主語

　　It gave us encouragement that we scored at all.? THAT we scored at all gave us encouragement.

　　不定式或that從句做賓語，用it作形式賓語

　　She made it possible for us to attend the movie.

　　She made possible our attendance at the movie.

　　She made our attendance at the movie possible.都對

　　⑦ GMAT入門考生要注意避免代詞指代不清的問題

　　有時最好的辦法去解決代詞問題的是刪除代詞。在長句子的時候，代詞像 it或者them 不可避免的會產(chǎn)生指代不清的問題。這個時候要么重復(fù)先行詞，要么找一個相似的同義詞替代。

　　1) After roasting the deer, the hunter extinguished the fire and then searched for a tree to hang it from.. 這里的it 在語義上指代 deer但是在語法也可能會造成指代fire的問題

　　2) After roasting the deer, the hunter extinguished the fire and then searched for a tree to hang the deer from

　　3) After roasting the deer, the hunter extinguished the fire and then searched for a tree to hang the meat from (meat 指代 deer)

　　代詞：

　　12th Edition:101, 113, 124, 132， 1, 7, 23, 47, 91, D42

　　Verbal Review:71, 72, 74, 85,102, 107，12, 15, 19,29,41,44,49, 53,65,67

　　2nd Edition:50,68, 70, 80, 98, 105

　　以上就是小編分享的GMAT考試語法部分的注意事項，代詞的使用一直就是GMAT語法的復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)。所以考生們復(fù)習(xí)語法的時候要特別的注意，希望GMAT入門的考生能順利掌握代詞的使用方法。