名師GRE長難句完整版(7).

　　9. This prerence for exogamy，Gutman suggests， may have derived from　West African rules governing marriage，which，though they differed from one tribal group to another，all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin. (3+)

　　難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語

　　譯文：古特曼表示，這種對(duì)于外部通婚的偏愛很有可能緣起于西部非洲制約著婚姻的規(guī)定，盡管這些規(guī)定在一個(gè)和另一個(gè)部落群體之間不盡相同，但都涉及到某種對(duì)近親聯(lián)姻(union with close kin)的禁止。

　　解釋：本句有兩個(gè)插入語，第一個(gè)插入語Gutman suggests割裂了主句的主語和謂語。West African rules后跟著兩個(gè)修飾成分，第一個(gè)是分詞修飾(governing marriage), 第二個(gè)是以which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句，從句中出現(xiàn)了第二個(gè)插入語though they differed from one tribal group to another，又割裂了從句引導(dǎo)詞與謂語之間的聯(lián)系。

　　意群訓(xùn)練：This prerence for exogamy，Gutman suggests， may have derived from　West African rules governing marriage，which，though they differed from one tribal group to another，all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin.

　　10. His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States，but his dinition of racial prejudice as "racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition，" can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews　in medieval Europe. (4+)

　　難句類型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語、抽象詞

　　譯文：該社會(huì)學(xué)家的命題當(dāng)被應(yīng)用于針對(duì)美國黑人的歧視時(shí)，相對(duì)而言尚能適用，但他對(duì)種族偏見所下的定義——即“以種族為基礎(chǔ)的、針對(duì)某個(gè)群體的消級(jí)的先入之見，而該群體在任何特定的種族競爭地區(qū)則被普遍認(rèn)作一種族”——可被理解成同樣也襄括了針對(duì)加利福尼亞州的中國人以及中世紀(jì)的猶太人這樣一些種族群體的敵視態(tài)度。

　　解釋：本句長度驚人，插入部分比較長，再加上不乏抽象詞，所以較為難懂，在表示轉(zhuǎn)折的后半個(gè)分鐘中，長長的插入語as raciallybased negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of thnic competition作為主語his dinition of racial prejudice的同位語，使分句中的主謂相隔千山萬水。除此之外，本句用詞抽象，語義難以理解，對(duì)讀者的詞匯功底要求較高?？荚嚞F(xiàn)場如無法讀懂，宜用合理化原則中的取非讀法，but之前的分句說的是其論點(diǎn)對(duì)美國黑人的種族歧視是較為管用，轉(zhuǎn)折后的內(nèi)容就應(yīng)該說其理論對(duì)華人和猶太人相對(duì)無用。

　　意群訓(xùn)練：His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States，but his dinition of racial prejudice as "racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition，" can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews　in medieval Europe.

　　11. Such variations in size， shape，chemistry， conduction speed， excitation threshold，and the like as had been demonstrated in nerve cells remained negligible in significance for any　　possible correlation with the manifold dimensions of mental experience.(5)

　　難免類型：復(fù)雜修飾

　　譯文：類似于這些已經(jīng)被在神經(jīng)細(xì)胞中證明的在大小、形狀、化學(xué)過程、產(chǎn)生的速度、興奮閾值及其類似的方面上所發(fā)生變化，當(dāng)他們被用來與大腦的體驗(yàn)以可能的方式聯(lián)系起來的時(shí)候，他們?cè)谥匾陨先匀皇俏⒉蛔愕赖摹?/p>

　　解釋：即使是初練難免的人其實(shí)也很熟悉such thing as something這樣的語言方式，可是當(dāng)中間的小東西thing居然變成了一個(gè)長達(dá)十二個(gè)單詞的大東西的時(shí)候，實(shí)在令人搞不清后面的as及其后的something 到底為哪方神圣。再加上以such as 為中心的長主語距離系動(dòng)詞remain太遠(yuǎn)，更增加了本句的難度。請(qǐng)讀者反復(fù)閱讀，直到讀出這樣的感覺：順序閱讀原文時(shí)，原文似乎就是幾大塊，就好像是such things as a remain negligible in a certain sense.

　　意群訓(xùn)練：Such variations in size, shape, chemistry, conduction speed, excitation threshold, and the like as had been deomnstrated in nerve cells remained negligible in significance for any possible correlation with the manifld dimensions of mental experience.