GRE閱讀題型解析——細(xì)節(jié)題（四）.

　　羅馬數(shù)字題

　　羅馬數(shù)字題是GRE閱讀中出現(xiàn)比較多的一種題型，通常情況，考試的題型中定會(huì)有一道或兩道這類題型。雖然，出題的數(shù)目不是很多，但是也要特別注意。羅馬數(shù)字題主要考查考生對(duì)文章的理解以及一些邏輯推理能力。在對(duì)文章的時(shí)候要對(duì)一些例子、解釋等特別關(guān)注，要在文中做好標(biāo)記，以便迅速地找到答案。

　　羅馬數(shù)字題題的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：

　　The author provides following which of the following examples in the passage?

　?、?only

　　Ⅱ only

　?、?only

　?、?& Ⅱ

　?、?& Ⅲ

　　當(dāng)遇到羅馬數(shù)字題時(shí)，首先回原文找列舉，沒(méi)有列舉再繼續(xù)看題做答。做大多數(shù)羅馬數(shù)字題有捷徑可走的，考生應(yīng)該在看完選項(xiàng)后先看備選答案。比如，幾個(gè)備選答案都有Ⅰ，則Ⅰ肯定是正確的，就不必再判斷了。

　　下面舉一個(gè)具體的例子：

　　The recent, apparently successful, prediction by mathematical models of an appearance of El Nino—the warm ocean current that periodically develops along the Pacific coast of South America—has excited researchers……

　　It has long been known that during an El Nino, two conditions exist: (1) unusually warm water extends along the eastern Pacific, principally along the coasts of Ecuador and Peru, and (2) winds blow from the west into the warmer air rising over the warm water in the east. These winds tend to create a feedback mechanism by driving the warmer surface water into a “pile” that blocks the normal upwelling of deeper, cold water in the east and further warms the eastern water, thus strengthening the wind still more. The contribution of the model is to show that the winds of an El Nino, which raise sea level in the east, simultaneously send a signal to the west lowering sea level. According to the model, that signal is generated as a negative Rossby wave, a wave of depressed, or negative, sea level, that moves westward parallel to the equator at 25 to 85 kilometers per day. Taking months to traverse the Pacific, Rossby waves march to the western boundary of the Pacific basin, which is modeled as a smooth wall but in reality consists of quite irregular island chains, such as the Philippines and Indonesia.

　　……

　　無(wú)論做什么題，我們?cè)趯?duì)完文章后，都要清楚一個(gè)基本的問(wèn)題，就是文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和行文思路。這篇文章屬于結(jié)論解釋型文章，作者在第一段的第一句話就提出了結(jié)論，后面所以內(nèi)容都是對(duì)這個(gè)結(jié)論的解釋說(shuō)明。所以，文章的首句是全文的中心句(topic sentence)。

　　It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following would result fairly immediately from the cessation of the winds of an El Nino?

　　I. Negative Rossby waves would cease to be generated in the eastern Pacific.

　　II. The sea level in the eastern Pacific would fall.

　　III. The surface water in the eastern Pacific would again be cooled by being mixed with deep water.

　　(A) I only

　　(B) II only

　　(C) I and II only

　　(D) I and III only

　　(E) I, II, and III

　　分析：

　　1.弄清題目和選項(xiàng)的意思

　　題目的意思是“如果導(dǎo)致厄爾尼諾的風(fēng)停止，會(huì)出現(xiàn)什么結(jié)果?”

　　I. 負(fù)的R波在太平洋不會(huì)產(chǎn)生。

　　II. 東太平洋的海平會(huì)下降。

　?、? 東太平洋表層海水會(huì)因?yàn)樯顚铀幕旌隙匦伦兝洹?/p>

　　2.找到解答題目的突破口

　　文章中的第二段主要講了這種風(fēng)的效果，如果是風(fēng)停止了，那么我們只需對(duì)文中的效果取非即可，這是解答這道題的關(guān)鍵。文中的陰影部分就是對(duì)這部分的解釋。下面我們就這三個(gè)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行分析。

　?、? 這部分在文中的定位是The contribution of the model is to show that the winds of an El Nino, which raise sea level in the east, simultaneously send a signal to the west lowering sea level. According to the model, that signal is generated as a negative Rossby wave, 即“此模型的貢獻(xiàn)在于顯示了厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象中的風(fēng)使東海平面升高，同時(shí)向西部低海平面區(qū)發(fā)送一個(gè)信號(hào)。該信號(hào)可稱作負(fù)的Rossby波，此波低于海平面，平行于赤道西移?！蔽覀兙涂梢灾?，這個(gè)信號(hào)是由厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象中的風(fēng)所導(dǎo)致的，如果導(dǎo)致厄爾尼諾的風(fēng)停止，那么也就不會(huì)有這個(gè)信號(hào)的出現(xiàn)，這樣，Ⅰ的說(shuō)法是正確的。

　　Ⅱ. 這部分在文中的定為也是上面所提到的，在厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象中的風(fēng)使東海平面升高，那么，如果導(dǎo)致厄爾尼諾的風(fēng)停止了，東太平洋的海平面就會(huì)恢復(fù)正常的狀態(tài)，這種正常的狀態(tài)應(yīng)該與厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象中的風(fēng)使東海平面升高是相反的，所以，東太平洋的海平會(huì)下降是正確的。

　?、? 這部分在文中的定位是winds blow from the west into the warmer air rising over the warm water in the east. These winds tend to create a feedback mechanism by driving the warmer surface water into a “pile” that blocks the normal upwelling of deeper, cold water in the east and further warms the eastern water, thus strengthening the wind still more.即“風(fēng)從西流向東部由較暖水中升起的較暖空氣中。這些風(fēng)形成了一種反映機(jī)制，即通過(guò)將較暖水在表層匯成一個(gè)“水堆”而阻止了通常狀況下的深層冷水的上涌并進(jìn)一步使東部水域變暖，從而使暖風(fēng)更加劇烈。”這就表明，這種風(fēng)會(huì)使深層冷水變暖。因此，如果導(dǎo)致厄爾尼諾的風(fēng)停止了，就不會(huì)出現(xiàn)上述的現(xiàn)象，而東太平洋表層海水會(huì)因?yàn)樯顚铀幕旌隙匦伦兝?。這種說(shuō)法是正確的。

　　通過(guò)上面的分析，Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ 三種說(shuō)法都是正確的，所以正確選項(xiàng)是E.

　　小結(jié)：

　　羅馬數(shù)字題的難度并不大，重要的是在原文中的正確定位。在讀文章的時(shí)候，要特別注意原文中列舉出的內(nèi)容，做好相應(yīng)的標(biāo)記。在解答的時(shí)候，將句子和選項(xiàng)結(jié)合著看，這樣可以節(jié)省不少時(shí)間。

　　羅馬數(shù)字題

　　羅馬數(shù)字題是GRE閱讀中出現(xiàn)比較多的一種題型，通常情況，考試的題型中定會(huì)有一道或兩道這類題型。雖然，出題的數(shù)目不是很多，但是也要特別注意。羅馬數(shù)字題主要考查考生對(duì)文章的理解以及一些邏輯推理能力。在對(duì)文章的時(shí)候要對(duì)一些例子、解釋等特別關(guān)注，要在文中做好標(biāo)記，以便迅速地找到答案。

　　羅馬數(shù)字題題的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：

　　The author provides following which of the following examples in the passage?

　?、?only

　　Ⅱ only

　　Ⅲ only

　?、?& Ⅱ

　?、?& Ⅲ

　　當(dāng)遇到羅馬數(shù)字題時(shí)，首先回原文找列舉，沒(méi)有列舉再繼續(xù)看題做答。做大多數(shù)羅馬數(shù)字題有捷徑可走的，考生應(yīng)該在看完選項(xiàng)后先看備選答案。比如，幾個(gè)備選答案都有Ⅰ，則Ⅰ肯定是正確的，就不必再判斷了。

　　下面舉一個(gè)具體的例子：

　　The recent, apparently successful, prediction by mathematical models of an appearance of El Nino—the warm ocean current that periodically develops along the Pacific coast of South America—has excited researchers……

　　It has long been known that during an El Nino, two conditions exist: (1) unusually warm water extends along the eastern Pacific, principally along the coasts of Ecuador and Peru, and (2) winds blow from the west into the warmer air rising over the warm water in the east. These winds tend to create a feedback mechanism by driving the warmer surface water into a “pile” that blocks the normal upwelling of deeper, cold water in the east and further warms the eastern water, thus strengthening the wind still more. The contribution of the model is to show that the winds of an El Nino, which raise sea level in the east, simultaneously send a signal to the west lowering sea level. According to the model, that signal is generated as a negative Rossby wave, a wave of depressed, or negative, sea level, that moves westward parallel to the equator at 25 to 85 kilometers per day. Taking months to traverse the Pacific, Rossby waves march to the western boundary of the Pacific basin, which is modeled as a smooth wall but in reality consists of quite irregular island chains, such as the Philippines and Indonesia.

　　……

　　無(wú)論做什么題，我們?cè)趯?duì)完文章后，都要清楚一個(gè)基本的問(wèn)題，就是文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和行文思路。這篇文章屬于結(jié)論解釋型文章，作者在第一段的第一句話就提出了結(jié)論，后面所以內(nèi)容都是對(duì)這個(gè)結(jié)論的解釋說(shuō)明。所以，文章的首句是全文的中心句(topic sentence)。

　　It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following would result fairly immediately from the cessation of the winds of an El Nino?

　　I. Negative Rossby waves would cease to be generated in the eastern Pacific.

　　II. The sea level in the eastern Pacific would fall.

　　III. The surface water in the eastern Pacific would again be cooled by being mixed with deep water.

　　(A) I only

　　(B) II only

　　(C) I and II only

　　(D) I and III only

　　(E) I, II, and III

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