GRE閱讀題型分析——細(xì)節(jié)題（三）.

　　GRE閱讀的題型眾多，之前我們對細(xì)節(jié)題中的給定行數(shù)題、寫作用意題、強(qiáng)對比取非題進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的分析，今天我們主要介紹一下細(xì)節(jié)題中另一種比較重要的題型——類比題。

　　類比題的特征：首先，題干中一般都把所問事物所在的行數(shù)給出;其次，所考的類比的現(xiàn)象一般都可以讓考生在考場上看懂;另外，閱讀中類比題要考的是大致感覺，模糊對應(yīng)，而不是GRE詞匯類比題中的精細(xì)詞義、關(guān)系的類比;最后，閱讀類比題的選項(xiàng)雖然長，但還算好懂，而且正誤選項(xiàng)的區(qū)分度比較大。

　　GRE閱讀中類比題常見的提問方式：

　　Which of the following is an example of the type of … described in Line 2-5?

　　The … presented by the author in Lines 19-20 is similar to which of the following?

　　Which of the following is most nearly analogous to … as described in the passage ?

　　即“下列哪一選項(xiàng)所述現(xiàn)象和原文第n行的說法比較相像?”

　　類比題的選項(xiàng)一般比較長，需要花較長的時(shí)間去看。但是，這類題的難度并不是很高，只要時(shí)間夠用，耐心地去做，類比題也是很容易拿分的。類比題需要在原文的類比原型中找到兩個(gè)特征作為類比要素，盡量剔除現(xiàn)象的敘述，將其特征擴(kuò)大化到抽象的、普通的、更具廣泛適應(yīng)性的范圍中;再在各個(gè)選項(xiàng)中對照類比要素，耐心地按順序看答案;哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)具備類比要素地特征，哪個(gè)就是正確答案。

　　下面我們以一個(gè)具體的例子來說明：

　　Although, recent years have seen substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing consequently, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and ozone (generated by photochemical reactions with hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust) that exceed legally established limits. There is a growing realization that the only fective way to achieve further reductions in vehicle emissions—short of a massive shift away from the private automobile—is to replace conventional diesel fuel and gasoline with cleaner-burning fuels such as compressed natural gas, liquied petroleum gas, ethanol, or methanol.

　　……

　　……

　　Which of the following most closely parallels the situation described in the first sentence of the passage?

　　(A) Although a town reduces its public services in order to avoid a tax increase, the town’s tax rate exceeds that of other towns in the surrounding area.

　　(B) Although a state passes strict laws to limit the type of toxic material that can be disposed of in public landfills, illegal dumping continues to increase.

　　(C) Although a town’s citizens reduce their individual use of water, the town’s water supplies continue to dwindle because of a steady increase in the total population of the town.

　　(D) Although a country attempts to increase the sale of domestic goods by adding a tax to the price of imported goods, the sale of imported goods within the country continues to increase.

　　(E) Although a country reduces the speed limit on its national highways, the number of fatalities caused by automobile accidents continues to increase.

　　分析：

　　文中正確定位

　　題目的意思是“下面哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)與文章中的第一句話所描述的情況相似?”，很明顯，這到題屬于典型的類比題。首先，我們迅速地在文章定位，找到第一句話，即Although, recent years have seen substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing consequently, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and ozone (generated by photochemical reactions with hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust) that exceed legally established limits

　　分析所給信息

　　像做GRE詞匯的類比一樣，要先弄清楚所給大寫單詞的意思，這里就需要先理解所給信息的意思，這句話的意思是“美國單個(gè)汽車尾氣排放量雖然下降，但是汽車的總數(shù)還是在穩(wěn)定地上升。因此，結(jié)果還是，美國的100多個(gè)城市仍然是污染排放總量在大幅度上升?！边@句話有些長，意思可以理解這樣的邏輯關(guān)系 “個(gè)體量下降，但數(shù)量增加，所以總和還是增加的”。第一步是下降，但是最后的結(jié)果還是增加的。

　　尋找正確選項(xiàng)

　　我們根據(jù)這樣的關(guān)系，去選項(xiàng)中去尋找答案，這里沒有什么解題的技巧，我們需要把選項(xiàng)的答案一個(gè)一個(gè)地看，最總找去一個(gè)選項(xiàng)最符合所給信息的邏輯關(guān)系。通過把各個(gè)排除選項(xiàng)，這到題的正確答案是C,C選項(xiàng)的意思是“雖然小鎮(zhèn)居民減少了他們的個(gè)人用水量，但是人口增加了，所以，總供水量還是不足?！?/p>

　　小結(jié)：

　　GRE閱讀中的類比題要比詞匯部分的類比題容易多了，在考試的時(shí)候，只要有充足的時(shí)間，不要煩躁地放棄類比題，仔細(xì)看一下原文的現(xiàn)象，進(jìn)行簡單的歸納，總結(jié)出比較好理解的關(guān)系，再按照這樣的關(guān)系，去選項(xiàng)中尋找答案。

　　GRE閱讀的題型眾多，之前我們對細(xì)節(jié)題中的給定行數(shù)題、寫作用意題、強(qiáng)對比取非題進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的分析，今天我們主要介紹一下細(xì)節(jié)題中另一種比較重要的題型——類比題。

　　類比題的特征：首先，題干中一般都把所問事物所在的行數(shù)給出;其次，所考的類比的現(xiàn)象一般都可以讓考生在考場上看懂;另外，閱讀中類比題要考的是大致感覺，模糊對應(yīng)，而不是GRE詞匯類比題中的精細(xì)詞義、關(guān)系的類比;最后，閱讀類比題的選項(xiàng)雖然長，但還算好懂，而且正誤選項(xiàng)的區(qū)分度比較大。

　　GRE閱讀中類比題常見的提問方式：

　　Which of the following is an example of the type of … described in Line 2-5?

　　The … presented by the author in Lines 19-20 is similar to which of the following?

　　Which of the following is most nearly analogous to … as described in the passage ?

　　即“下列哪一選項(xiàng)所述現(xiàn)象和原文第n行的說法比較相像?”

　　類比題的選項(xiàng)一般比較長，需要花較長的時(shí)間去看。但是，這類題的難度并不是很高，只要時(shí)間夠用，耐心地去做，類比題也是很容易拿分的。類比題需要在原文的類比原型中找到兩個(gè)特征作為類比要素，盡量剔除現(xiàn)象的敘述，將其特征擴(kuò)大化到抽象的、普通的、更具廣泛適應(yīng)性的范圍中;再在各個(gè)選項(xiàng)中對照類比要素，耐心地按順序看答案;哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)具備類比要素地特征，哪個(gè)就是正確答案。

　　下面我們以一個(gè)具體的例子來說明：

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