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SAT語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)之比較結(jié)構(gòu).

2017/08/05 21:42:35 編輯: 瀏覽次數(shù):430 移動(dòng)端

  在SAT語(yǔ)法中,英語(yǔ)中大多數(shù)形容詞和副詞都是“可等級(jí)的”(Gradable),因而可以用于比較結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)形容詞和副詞用于比較結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),它們采取特殊的句法形式,這就是比較結(jié)構(gòu)。比較結(jié)構(gòu)具體是指一個(gè)人、事、物與另一個(gè)人、事、物之間就行為、性質(zhì)、特征、外形、數(shù)量等之間有相互對(duì)比。在SAT語(yǔ)法中,比較結(jié)構(gòu)要求的比較對(duì)象概念要對(duì)等,比較的性質(zhì)要一致,比較的結(jié)構(gòu)要平衡。

  比較結(jié)構(gòu)考點(diǎn)小結(jié)

  →比較對(duì)象對(duì)等(包括概念、性質(zhì)、數(shù)量、結(jié)構(gòu)以及在句子里成分)

  →比較結(jié)構(gòu)自身

  →比較結(jié)構(gòu)中代詞的使用

  一、考點(diǎn)詳解

  在掌握比較結(jié)構(gòu)的考點(diǎn)前,首先要掌握一些常見(jiàn)的比較結(jié)構(gòu)以及它們所使用的搭配:

  1. as+形容詞或副詞原級(jí)+as-分句:平級(jí)

  如:This parcel is as heavy as that one (is).

  This car runs as fast as that one (does)

  Jack behaves as politely as Jones (does).

  由以上例句可以看出,在帶有as…as…結(jié)構(gòu)的句子中,通常是主句主語(yǔ)和as從句的主語(yǔ)不同,而比較項(xiàng)目相同,比如是Jack 和Jones就兩人的舉止是否有禮貌進(jìn)行比較。這是as…as…結(jié)構(gòu)最基本的用法。此外,帶有as…as…結(jié)構(gòu)的句子也可能主語(yǔ)相同,而比較項(xiàng)目不同。

  如:The girl was as brilliant as she was beautiful.

  This swimming pool is as wide as it is long.

  He is not wise as he is witty.

  也可能兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)和兩個(gè)比較項(xiàng)目都不同,即兩個(gè)不同的人或物就不同的方面進(jìn)行比較。

  如:This swimming pool is not twice as wide as that one is long.

  His uncle was as base and unworthy as his father had been upright and honorable.

  由上述諸例可以看出,當(dāng)主句主語(yǔ)和as-分句主語(yǔ)不同而比較項(xiàng)目相同時(shí),as-分句總是有所省略,即通常用不完全句。但若兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)相同而比較項(xiàng)目不同或者兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)和兩個(gè)比較項(xiàng)目都不相同,(除個(gè)別外)as-分句便不能用省略句,而必須用完全句。

  2. more...than…(形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)+than-分句):比較級(jí)

  如:Jack is brighter than Jones.

  Jack behaves more politely than Jones.

  上述兩句是more...than…結(jié)構(gòu)的一般用法,即在兩個(gè)不同事物之間就某一方面作比較more...than…結(jié)構(gòu)除在兩個(gè)人或物之間作同一方面的比較而外,還可在同一個(gè)人或物的本身作不同方面的比較。

  如:Jack is more daring than quick-witted.

  Jones is more intelligent than aggressive.

  需要注意的是,more...than…結(jié)構(gòu)在前兩句中其比較級(jí)既可用more形式,也可以用-er形式;more...than…結(jié)構(gòu)用于后兩句的意義時(shí)(與其說(shuō)……不如說(shuō)……),比較級(jí)只能用more形式,不能用-er形式。more```than結(jié)構(gòu)用于上述意義時(shí),還可以連接兩個(gè)名詞詞組。

  如:The present crisis is much more a political than an economic crisis.

  此外,More…than…結(jié)構(gòu)的一種變體形式是“定冠詞+形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)+of-詞組”。

  如:Jack is the brighter of the two boys.

  Of the two boys Jack behaves (the) more politely.

  由上述兩例可以看出,這種變體形式進(jìn)行比較都只用于兩者之間的比較;在第一例中比較級(jí)前的定冠詞不可省,而在第二例中比較級(jí)前的定冠詞可省(因?yàn)槭歉痹~的比較級(jí))。

  3.(the)+形容詞副詞最高級(jí)+in/of+比較范圍:最高級(jí)

  如果是三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物進(jìn)行比較,就要使用形容詞和副詞的最高級(jí)。

  如:Of the three boys John behaves (the) most politely.

  Shakespeare was the greatest English dramatist ever known.

  由上述諸例可以看出,表示“最高級(jí)”的意義,通常都要有一個(gè)“比較范圍”,表示比較范圍可以用介詞詞組,如in the world, of the three boys,也可以用關(guān)系分句或非限定分句,如I have ever read, ever known。比較范圍在一定上下文中可以不表示出來(lái)。

  4. like/unlike +名詞短語(yǔ).與as +句子

  Like/as 的差別在 like是一個(gè)介詞,因此它后面只能跟名詞,代詞或者名詞短語(yǔ),而as后面的必須是完整的句子或者不引起歧義下的省略成分,但是不能是簡(jiǎn)單的名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)like和as 修飾的比較對(duì)象是名詞,且沒(méi)有歧義的情況下;like + n.是更加簡(jiǎn)潔的結(jié)構(gòu)。

 ?、貺ike + n. 比較結(jié)構(gòu)

  Like + n.的比較通常放在句首,其比較對(duì)象是句子的主語(yǔ)。因此看到這類(lèi)型的題目首先判斷的就是對(duì)應(yīng)的主語(yǔ)是否和like后面接的名詞是對(duì)等的對(duì)象。

  如:Unlike a typical automobile loan, which requires a fifteen- to twenty-percent down payment, a lease-loan does not require the buyer to make an initial deposit on the new vehicle.

  ②As+ 句子比較結(jié)構(gòu)

  As+句子的比較通常比較的兩個(gè)不同主語(yǔ),和as…as…結(jié)構(gòu)相似,其后補(bǔ)出助動(dòng)詞,補(bǔ)出助動(dòng)詞的原則是必須和主語(yǔ)的類(lèi)型一致,而且要時(shí)態(tài)一致。

  如:Tolstoi rebelled against the unnatural complexity of human relations in modern society, as Rousseau once did.

  As virtually all the nation’s 50 busiest airports were, New York’s were built for an age of propellers, bore jet planes weighing 800,000 pounds needed over two miles of runway.

  但是如果as結(jié)構(gòu)自己就帶了時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),那么該as結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)態(tài)和自己帶的狀語(yǔ)保持一致,而類(lèi)型和主句保持一致。

  如:According to a recent poll, owning and living in a freestanding house on its own land is still a goal of a majority of young adults, as it was of earlier generations.

  5. 其他比較短語(yǔ)

  其他標(biāo)志比較結(jié)構(gòu)的短語(yǔ)包括:compare…to/with…, contrast…to…, liken…to…, different from…, differ from…, the same as…, be similar to…等等

  如:Contrasted to other medieval kings in the long history of feudal China, Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty might be the most versatile.

  6. 倍數(shù)表達(dá)

  倍數(shù)是SAT語(yǔ)法中不常見(jiàn)比較結(jié)構(gòu),但也需要簡(jiǎn)單了解,以下是五種倍數(shù)表達(dá)形式:

 ?、?… times +形容詞 / 副詞的比較級(jí)+ than …

  如:This hall is five times bigger than our classroom.

 ?、?… times +as + 形容詞 / 副詞的原級(jí)+ as …

  如:This dictionary is five times as thick as the one you borrowed from the library.

  ③ … times + the + 名詞(如: size, height, weight, length, width 等)+ of …

  如:The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.

 ?、?… times + what 從句

  如:The length of the road is four times what it was three years ago.

  ⑤ … times + that of + 被比較對(duì)象

  如:In this workshop the output of July was 3.5 times that of January.

  比較結(jié)構(gòu)是SAT中的顯性語(yǔ)法:當(dāng)句中出現(xiàn)以上的比較結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),其考點(diǎn)基本就確定在以下幾個(gè)方面:

  1. 比較對(duì)象對(duì)等(包括概念、性質(zhì)、數(shù)量、結(jié)構(gòu)以及在句子里成分)

  當(dāng)比較兩個(gè)事物時(shí),必須保證二者的概念、性質(zhì)、數(shù)量、結(jié)構(gòu)以及在句子里成分的對(duì)等。

  閱讀以下例句,找出其中錯(cuò)誤。

  例句1:Some historians liken the reign of Russian’s Tsar Ivan the Terrible, a contemporary of England’s Queen Elizabeth I famous for his brutal repression, to Joseph Stalin.

  例句1中比較結(jié)構(gòu)為liken…to…,按照該結(jié)構(gòu),比較對(duì)象應(yīng)該為the reign of Russian’s Tsar Ivan the Terrible與Joseph Stalin,但前者是物,后者是人,二者的性質(zhì)和概念并不相同,所以應(yīng)該把Joseph Stalin改為that of Joseph Stalin,這類(lèi)問(wèn)題是SAT中比較對(duì)象的典型錯(cuò)誤。

  閱讀以下例句,找出其中錯(cuò)誤。

  例句2:It is far easier to ride a bicycle than explaining in words exactly how a bicycle is ridden.

  例句2中比較結(jié)構(gòu)為easier…than…,根據(jù)比較結(jié)構(gòu)要求,比較對(duì)象應(yīng)該為to ride a bicycle和explaining in words exactly how a bicycle is ridden,前者為不定式短語(yǔ),后者為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ),二者的結(jié)構(gòu)不能達(dá)到一致,所以后者應(yīng)該改為to explain in words exactly how a bicycle is ridden。

  2. 比較結(jié)構(gòu)中代詞的使用

  在英語(yǔ)的比較結(jié)構(gòu)中,為了避免重復(fù)使用上文中出現(xiàn)的詞匯,經(jīng)常會(huì)用代詞來(lái)替代名詞詞組或它的中心詞??梢赃@樣用的代詞有that/those/it/they。that和those總是伴隨著限定性的后置修飾語(yǔ),分別等于the one和 the ones。that可替代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞以及不可數(shù)名詞,而those一般指代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù),它們表示的是同類(lèi)異物。

  如:The houses of the rich are generally larger than those of the poor.

  此外,比較結(jié)構(gòu)中還可以使用it/they來(lái)指代上文出現(xiàn)動(dòng)名詞與不定式短語(yǔ)。

  it/they在比較結(jié)構(gòu)中也常出現(xiàn),它們表示的是同類(lèi)同物。

  如:Finding a McDonald’s in Beijing is easier than it is in my small hometown.

  此例句中比較對(duì)象為Finding a McDonald’s,前后比較的事件相同,所以使用代詞it, 而不用that。

  二、最新真題

  1. In some species of birds, such as the peafowl, the plumage of the male is more colorful and more variegated than the female.

  (A) than the female

  (B) than are the females

  (C) than that of the female

  (D) compared to the female

  (E) compared with females

  解析:比較結(jié)構(gòu)more…than…,注意一下比較對(duì)象概念、性質(zhì)、數(shù)量、在句子里成分上的對(duì)等是否相同。

  2. The introduction of (A) paraffin wax in 1830 enabled (B) candle makers to produce candles that burned more clean (C) than those made with (D) tallow or beeswax. No error (E)

  解析:比較結(jié)構(gòu)more…than…,有時(shí)sat考題考的是最簡(jiǎn)單,卻最容易忽略的,形容詞單音節(jié)的比較級(jí)是不用加more的。

  3. Unlike other predators, which are being studies because their populations are declining, ecologists are studying coyotes because the coyote population is growing in suburban areas.

  (A) ecologists are studying coyotes

  (B) ecologists have been studying coyotes

  (C) ecologists, who are studying coyotes

  (D) coyotes are being studied by ecologists

  (E) coyotes, being studied by ecologists

  解析:比較結(jié)構(gòu)unlike…放在句首,一般情況是與主語(yǔ)相比較, 保證比較對(duì)象概念、性質(zhì)、數(shù)量、在句子里成分上的對(duì)等。

  4. A mixture of jazz and classical idioms, the music of Gershwin was more innovative than most of his contemporaries.

  (A) than most of his contemporaries

  (B) than most of his contemporaries were

  (C) than were most of his contemporaries

  (D) than that of most of his contemporaries

  (E) than most of his contemporaries, as far as music concerned

  解析:比較結(jié)構(gòu)more…than…,保證比較對(duì)象概念、性質(zhì)、數(shù)量、在句子里成分上的對(duì)等;比較對(duì)象應(yīng)該為the music of Gershwin和most of his contemporaries,前者是物,后者是人,比較對(duì)象性質(zhì)不同。

  5. Chinese watercolors have become more popular than American and European artists who are their contemporaries.

  (A) American and European artists who are their contemporaries

  (B) contemporary American and European artists

  (C) those by contemporary American and European artists of the period

  (D) those of American and European pictures of the same period

  (E) those by contemporary American and European artists

  解析:比較結(jié)構(gòu)more…than…,保證比較對(duì)象概念、性質(zhì)、數(shù)量、在句子里成分上的對(duì)等;比較對(duì)象應(yīng)該為Chinese watercolors和American and European artists,前者是物,后者是人,比較對(duì)象性質(zhì)不同。

  6. Eating food that has a high concentration of fat causes essentially the same reaction in the stomach than if you eat too fast.

  (A) than if you eat

  (B) than to eat

  (C) as if one eats

  (D) as eating

  (E) as it does when eating

  解析:比較結(jié)構(gòu)more…than…,保證比較對(duì)象結(jié)構(gòu)一致;比較對(duì)象應(yīng)該為Eating food that has a high concentration of fat和if you eat too fast,前者是動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ),后者是從句,比較對(duì)象結(jié)構(gòu)不一致。

  7. Because of its innovativeness and its (A) fective presentation, Mary’s science project received (B) more judges’ votes at the exhibit (C) than did Jim (D). No error (E)

  解析:比較結(jié)構(gòu)more…than…,保證比較對(duì)象概念、性質(zhì)、數(shù)量、在句子里成分上的對(duì)等;比較對(duì)象應(yīng)該為Mary’s science project和Jim,前者是物,后者是人,比較對(duì)象性質(zhì)不同。

  注意:當(dāng)比較主語(yǔ)時(shí),為了避免歧義,助動(dòng)詞習(xí)慣性補(bǔ)出,而且多用倒裝

  8. Experts who decipher (A) ancient written languages report (B) that the Indus civilization’s script is more difficult (C) to decode than other civilizations (D). No error (E

  解析:比較結(jié)構(gòu)more…than…,保證比較對(duì)象概念、性質(zhì)、數(shù)量、在句子里成分上的對(duì)等;比較對(duì)象應(yīng)該為the Indus civilization’s script和other civilizations,前者是script,后者是civilization,比較對(duì)象概念不同。

  9. Because (A) sound waves travel faster (B) in liquids than they do (C) in gases, the speed of sound in water is greater than that of sound (D) in the air. No error (E)

  解析:該題中出現(xiàn)了兩個(gè)比較結(jié)構(gòu)faster…than…與greater…than…;前者使用代詞they,因?yàn)檫@里要求特指,即前后同物;后者用的是代詞that,是泛指,即前后同類(lèi)不同物。

  10. Because young children do not organize their attention or perceptions systematically, like adults, they may notice and remember details that their elders ignore.

  A. like adults

  B. like adults do

  C. as adults

  D. as adults do

  E. as an adult

  解析: A選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)都符合語(yǔ)法規(guī)則,也都和前面的children保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致性,從語(yǔ)法規(guī)則上講是都正確的。但是A存在歧義,因?yàn)閘ike adults可以與前一個(gè)分句構(gòu)成整體也可以與后一個(gè)分句構(gòu)成整體。這里可以使用as結(jié)構(gòu),因?yàn)榍昂髢蓚€(gè)分句的助動(dòng)詞不一樣,as結(jié)構(gòu)的助動(dòng)詞和前一個(gè)分句一致的話(huà),就應(yīng)該和前一個(gè)分句構(gòu)成整體;同樣,和后一個(gè)分句的助動(dòng)詞一致的話(huà),就應(yīng)該和后一個(gè)分句構(gòu)成整體。

  三、難點(diǎn)聚焦

  以上都是在描述比較對(duì)象的錯(cuò)誤,但比較結(jié)構(gòu)真正容易忽略的考點(diǎn)是比較結(jié)構(gòu)自身所出現(xiàn)的一系列低級(jí)錯(cuò)誤:

  1. 平級(jí)比較、比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的混用

  在英語(yǔ)中,平級(jí)比較(as adj./adv. as)、比較級(jí)(more/adj.+er than)、最高級(jí)(the most adj./adv. of/in)都有自己的固定表達(dá)結(jié)構(gòu),在SAT考題中會(huì)出現(xiàn)混用的情況。

  閱讀以下例句,找出其中錯(cuò)誤。

  例句3:Of the five films that Phuong saw during the film festival, the last was unquestionably the more enjoyable.

  例句3中用的是比較級(jí)形式the more enjoyable,但在句子的開(kāi)頭為Of the five films,表示的是最高級(jí)的一個(gè)范圍,所以二者沖突,應(yīng)該把more改為most。

  2. 形容詞比較級(jí)的修飾及拼寫(xiě)

  在英語(yǔ)中,形容詞比較級(jí)只可用以下詞或短語(yǔ)修飾:a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even,在SAT中常出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤的是用比較級(jí)修飾比較級(jí)。

  閱讀以下例句,找出其中錯(cuò)誤。

  例句4:The crowd of onlookers grew more larger as the veterans who were picketing the White House began shouting.

  例句4中在比較級(jí)形容詞larger前使用more來(lái)修飾,不符合規(guī)范。

  形容詞比較級(jí)變化規(guī)則在考試中會(huì)涉及到:

  1) 單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞一般在詞尾加er或est:如bright brighter brightest; 以不發(fā)音的e字母結(jié)尾的加r,或st:如:large larger largest; 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為I加er或est:如:easy easier easiest; 以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)輔音字母再加er或est:如big bigger biggest;以-er/-ow結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞加-er 或est:clever cleverer cleverest; slow slower slowest.

  2) 多音節(jié)詞前加more或most, 副詞最高級(jí)前省略the

  3) 有些形容詞比較級(jí)是不規(guī)則變化:good, well; bad, badly, ill; much, many; little; far; old;

  注:只有少數(shù)形容詞和副詞有兩種比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形式:如clever, old, far

  四、難題透析

  1. Some experts say that of all (A) the musical forms that constituted African music in the second half of the (B) twentieth century, Congolese rumba and its rambunctious offspring, soukous, were (C) the more (D) influential. No error (E)

  解析:比較結(jié)構(gòu)自身出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題,比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)的混用。

  2. Whiptails, the more speedier (A) of lizards, are remarkable creatures because (B) in thirteen of the known (C) species the females reproduce without (D) mating with males. No error (E)

  解析:比較結(jié)構(gòu)自身出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題,比較級(jí)不可以修飾比較級(jí)。

  3. Twice as many bird species inhabit Ecuador as in North America.

  (A) as in

  (B) as inhabit

  (C) instead of in

  (D) when compared to

  (E) than

  解析:twice as many …as 倍數(shù)表達(dá)。

  4. Many environmentalists think that it is (A) just as important to use (B) existing energy sources ficiently than (C) it is to develop pollution-free means of generating (D) energy. No error (E)

  解析:比較結(jié)構(gòu)自身出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題,平級(jí)比較、比較級(jí)混用。

  5. Though originally unpopular among (A) taxpayers, the housing fee increase was implemented in order to build (B) more safer playground (C) for (D) the community. No error (E)

  解析:比較結(jié)構(gòu)自身出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題,比較級(jí)的修飾。

SAT語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)之比較結(jié)構(gòu)其他比較短語(yǔ)最新真題難點(diǎn)聚焦難題透析

  在SAT語(yǔ)法中,英語(yǔ)中大多數(shù)形容詞和副詞都是“可等級(jí)的”(Gradable),因而可以用于比較結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)形容詞和副詞用于比較結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),它們采取特殊的句法形式,這就是比較結(jié)構(gòu)。比較結(jié)構(gòu)具體是指一個(gè)人、事、物與另一個(gè)人、事、物之間就行為、性質(zhì)、特征、外形、數(shù)量等之間有相互對(duì)比。在SAT語(yǔ)法中,比較結(jié)構(gòu)要求的比較對(duì)象概念要對(duì)等,比較的性質(zhì)要一致,比較的結(jié)構(gòu)要平衡。

  比較結(jié)構(gòu)考點(diǎn)小結(jié)

  →比較對(duì)象對(duì)等(包括概念、性質(zhì)、數(shù)量、結(jié)構(gòu)以及在句子里成分)

  →比較結(jié)構(gòu)自身

  →比較結(jié)構(gòu)中代詞的使用

  一、考點(diǎn)詳解

  在掌握比較結(jié)構(gòu)的考點(diǎn)前,首先要掌握一些常見(jiàn)的比較結(jié)構(gòu)以及它們所使用的搭配:

  1. as+形容詞或副詞原級(jí)+as-分句:平級(jí)

  如:This parcel is as heavy as that one (is).

  This car runs as fast as that one (does)

  Jack behaves as politely as Jones (does).

  由以上例句可以看出,在帶有as…as…結(jié)構(gòu)的句子中,通常是主句主語(yǔ)和as從句的主語(yǔ)不同,而比較項(xiàng)目相同,比如是Jack 和Jones就兩人的舉止是否有禮貌進(jìn)行比較。這是as…as…結(jié)構(gòu)最基本的用法。此外,帶有as…as…結(jié)構(gòu)的句子也可能主語(yǔ)相同,而比較項(xiàng)目不同。

  如:The girl was as brilliant as she was beautiful.

  This swimming pool is as wide as it is long.

  He is not wise as he is witty.

  也可能兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)和兩個(gè)比較項(xiàng)目都不同,即兩個(gè)不同的人或物就不同的方面進(jìn)行比較。

  如:This swimming pool is not twice as wide as that one is long.

  His uncle was as base and unworthy as his father had been upright and honorable.

  由上述諸例可以看出,當(dāng)主句主語(yǔ)和as-分句主語(yǔ)不同而比較項(xiàng)目相同時(shí),as-分句總是有所省略,即通常用不完全句。但若兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)相同而比較項(xiàng)目不同或者兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)和兩個(gè)比較項(xiàng)目都不相同,(除個(gè)別外)as-分句便不能用省略句,而必須用完全句。

  2. more...than…(形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)+than-分句):比較級(jí)

  如:Jack is brighter than Jones.

  Jack behaves more politely than Jones.

  上述兩句是more...than…結(jié)構(gòu)的一般用法,即在兩個(gè)不同事物之間就某一方面作比較more...than…結(jié)構(gòu)除在兩個(gè)人或物之間作同一方面的比較而外,還可在同一個(gè)人或物的本身作不同方面的比較。

  如:Jack is more daring than quick-witted.

  Jones is more intelligent than aggressive.

  需要注意的是,more...than…結(jié)構(gòu)在前兩句中其比較級(jí)既可用more形式,也可以用-er形式;more...than…結(jié)構(gòu)用于后兩句的意義時(shí)(與其說(shuō)……不如說(shuō)……),比較級(jí)只能用more形式,不能用-er形式。more```than結(jié)構(gòu)用于上述意義時(shí),還可以連接兩個(gè)名詞詞組。

  如:The present crisis is much more a political than an economic crisis.

  此外,More…than…結(jié)構(gòu)的一種變體形式是“定冠詞+形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)+of-詞組”。

  如:Jack is the brighter of the two boys.

  Of the two boys Jack behaves (the) more politely.

  由上述兩例可以看出,這種變體形式進(jìn)行比較都只用于兩者之間的比較;在第一例中比較級(jí)前的定冠詞不可省,而在第二例中比較級(jí)前的定冠詞可省(因?yàn)槭歉痹~的比較級(jí))。

  3.(the)+形容詞副詞最高級(jí)+in/of+比較范圍:最高級(jí)

  如果是三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物進(jìn)行比較,就要使用形容詞和副詞的最高級(jí)。

  如:Of the three boys John behaves (the) most politely.

  Shakespeare was the greatest English dramatist ever known.

  由上述諸例可以看出,表示“最高級(jí)”的意義,通常都要有一個(gè)“比較范圍”,表示比較范圍可以用介詞詞組,如in the world, of the three boys,也可以用關(guān)系分句或非限定分句,如I have ever read, ever known。比較范圍在一定上下文中可以不表示出來(lái)。

  4. like/unlike +名詞短語(yǔ).與as +句子

  Like/as 的差別在 like是一個(gè)介詞,因此它后面只能跟名詞,代詞或者名詞短語(yǔ),而as后面的必須是完整的句子或者不引起歧義下的省略成分,但是不能是簡(jiǎn)單的名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)like和as 修飾的比較對(duì)象是名詞,且沒(méi)有歧義的情況下;like + n.是更加簡(jiǎn)潔的結(jié)構(gòu)。

  ①Like + n. 比較結(jié)構(gòu)

  Like + n.的比較通常放在句首,其比較對(duì)象是句子的主語(yǔ)。因此看到這類(lèi)型的題目首先判斷的就是對(duì)應(yīng)的主語(yǔ)是否和like后面接的名詞是對(duì)等的對(duì)象。

  如:Unlike a typical automobile loan, which requires a fifteen- to twenty-percent down payment, a lease-loan does not require the buyer to make an initial deposit on the new vehicle.

  ②As+ 句子比較結(jié)構(gòu)

  As+句子的比較通常比較的兩個(gè)不同主語(yǔ),和as…as…結(jié)構(gòu)相似,其后補(bǔ)出助動(dòng)詞,補(bǔ)出助動(dòng)詞的原則是必須和主語(yǔ)的類(lèi)型一致,而且要時(shí)態(tài)一致。

  如:Tolstoi rebelled against the unnatural complexity of human relations in modern society, as Rousseau once did.

  As virtually all the nation’s 50 busiest airports were, New York’s were built for an age of propellers, bore jet planes weighing 800,000 pounds needed over two miles of runway.

  但是如果as結(jié)構(gòu)自己就帶了時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),那么該as結(jié)構(gòu)的時(shí)態(tài)和自己帶的狀語(yǔ)保持一致,而類(lèi)型和主句保持一致。

  如:According to a recent poll, owning and living in a freestanding house on its own land is still a goal of a majority of young adults, as it was of earlier generations. 上12345下

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